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Formal grammar definition for Sloth.
```
program → statement* ;
block → "{" statement* "}"
statement → exprStmt
| valStmt
| varStmt
| returnStmt
| printStmt
| functionStmt
| ifStmt
| forStmt ;
exprStmt → expression ";" ;
valStmt → "val" IDENTIFIER "=" expression ";" ;
varStmt → "var" IDENTIFIER "=" expression ";" ;
returnStmt → "return" expression ";" ;
printStmt → "print" expression ";" ;
functionStmt → "fn" IDENTIFIER "(" (IDENTIFIER ":" IDENTIFIER)* ")" block ;
ifStmt → "if" expression block ;
forStmt → "for" IDENTIFIER "in" expression ".." expression block ;
expression → logical_or ;
logical_or → logical_and ( "||" logical_and )* ;
logical_and → equality ( "&&" equality )* ;
equality → comparison ( ( "!=" | "==" ) comparison )* ;
comparison → bitwise_shift ( ( "<" | ">" | "<=" | ">=" ) bitwise_shift )* ;
bitwise_shifting → additive ( ( "<<" | ">>" ) additive )* ;
additive → multiplicative ( ( "+" | "-" ) multiplicative )* ;
multiplicative → unary ( ( "*" | "/" | "%" ) unary )* ;
unary → ( "!" | "+" | "-" ) unary | call ;
call → primary ( "(" arguments? ")" )* ;
primary → "true" | "false" | NUMBER | STRING | IDENTIFIER | "(" expression ")" ;
## Operations
logical_or : logical_and ( "||" logical_and )* ;
logical_and : bitwise ( "&&" bitwise )* ;
bitwise : equality ( ( "&" | "^" | "|" ) equality )* ;
equality : comparison ( ( "==" | "!=" ) comparison )* ;
comparison : bitwise_shift ( ( ">" | ">=" | "<" | "<=" ) bitwise_shift )*;
bitwise_shift : additive ( ( "<<" | ">>" ) additive )* ;
additive : multiplicative ( ( "+" | "-" ) multiplicative )* ;
multiplicative : unary ( ( "*" | "/" | "%" ) unary )* ;
unary : ( "!" | "+" | "-" ) unary | call ;
## Related to calling of functions
call : primary ( "(" arguments ")" )* ;
arguments : ( "labeled"? IDENTIFIER ( ":" IDENTIFIER )? ","? )* ;
## Represents a base value
primary : "true"
| "false"
| NUMBER
| STRING
| IDENTIFIER
| "(" expression ")" ;
```
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